Martin Luther’s critical perspective on the Epistle of James is a well-documented aspect of Reformation history. He considered its emphasis on works as a potential contradiction to the Pauline doctrine of salvation by grace through faith. This disagreement led him to place it last in his New Testament translation and refer to it dismissively as an “epistle of straw.” His commentary, though critical, demonstrates a thorough engagement with the text and provides valuable insight into his theological framework. The debate sparked by his views continues to fuel scholarly discussion on the relationship between faith and works.
This historical tension surrounding the Epistle within the Reformation context is crucial for understanding the development of Protestant theology. Luther’s strong reaction stemmed from his concern that the text might be misinterpreted to suggest that salvation could be earned through good deeds. His challenge provoked deeper theological reflection on the nature of faith, grace, and the role of works within the Christian life. The continuing discourse generated by this controversy has contributed significantly to a nuanced understanding of these crucial theological concepts.
